RAG-hu mice; R5 tropic JR-CSF and dual-tropic R3A
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CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells are preferentially infected and depleted in spleen and lymph nodes; depletion occurs via apoptosis.
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[61]
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hNOG mice; R5 tropic JR-CSF or X4 tropic NL4-3
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X4 tropic virus depletes both naïve and memory T cells, while R5 tropic virus selectively depletes effector memory T cells (CD45RO+CD45RA-).
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[72]
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BLT mice; R5 tropic JR-CSF
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R5 tropic virus depletes CD4+ effector memory T cells (CD45RA-CD27-) in small intestines
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[77]
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RAG-hu mice; R5 tropic YU-2
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R5 tropic virus leads to translocation of LPS to the plasma, resulting in CD8 T cell activation, lower CD4 T cell ratios, and higher viral loads.
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[51]
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hNOG mice; R5 tropic ADA
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Human macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells are engrafted in the meninges and perivascular spaces in the hNOG brain. p24+ cells can be detected in the brain following intraperitoneal infection. Human immune cells infiltrate regions of viral replication in the brain, and CD8 T cell depletion leads to meningitis and encephalitis.
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[75]
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hNOG mice;R5 tropic ADA
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HIV-1 infection leads to structural changes in brain architecture, leading to loss of neuronal integrity.
|
[76]
|
RAG-hu mice; dual-tropic R3A
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are productively infected and activated during early HIV infection, leading to CD4 T cell activation and apoptosis. pDC levels were stable, but function was impaired in the spleen and bone marrow.
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[63]
|
BLT mice; NL4-3 backbone with LAI env gene
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Virus with a single amino acid substitution in env (V38E) has similar viral load to virus with wild-type env, but is attenuated for CD4 T cell depletion due to a defect in caspase-dependent bystander apoptosis.
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[80]
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