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RAG-hu mice; R5 tropic JR-CSF and dual-tropic R3A
|
CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells are preferentially infected and depleted in spleen and lymph nodes; depletion occurs via apoptosis.
|
[61]
|
|
hNOG mice; R5 tropic JR-CSF or X4 tropic NL4-3
|
X4 tropic virus depletes both naïve and memory T cells, while R5 tropic virus selectively depletes effector memory T cells (CD45RO+CD45RA-).
|
[72]
|
|
BLT mice; R5 tropic JR-CSF
|
R5 tropic virus depletes CD4+ effector memory T cells (CD45RA-CD27-) in small intestines
|
[77]
|
|
RAG-hu mice; R5 tropic YU-2
|
R5 tropic virus leads to translocation of LPS to the plasma, resulting in CD8 T cell activation, lower CD4 T cell ratios, and higher viral loads.
|
[51]
|
|
hNOG mice; R5 tropic ADA
|
Human macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells are engrafted in the meninges and perivascular spaces in the hNOG brain. p24+ cells can be detected in the brain following intraperitoneal infection. Human immune cells infiltrate regions of viral replication in the brain, and CD8 T cell depletion leads to meningitis and encephalitis.
|
[75]
|
|
hNOG mice;R5 tropic ADA
|
HIV-1 infection leads to structural changes in brain architecture, leading to loss of neuronal integrity.
|
[76]
|
|
RAG-hu mice; dual-tropic R3A
|
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are productively infected and activated during early HIV infection, leading to CD4 T cell activation and apoptosis. pDC levels were stable, but function was impaired in the spleen and bone marrow.
|
[63]
|
|
BLT mice; NL4-3 backbone with LAI env gene
|
Virus with a single amino acid substitution in env (V38E) has similar viral load to virus with wild-type env, but is attenuated for CD4 T cell depletion due to a defect in caspase-dependent bystander apoptosis.
|
[80]
|
