High systemic levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-22 and C-reactive protein in Indian patients are associated with low in vitroreplication of HIV-1 subtype C viruses

Table 1 Characteristics of 85 Indian HIV-infected patients with R/H or S/L phenotype HIV-1C isolates

	S/L^† group (n = 72)	R/H^‡ group (n = 13)	Total (n = 85)	p
	number (%) *	number (%) *	number (%) *
EpidemiologicalData
Sex				0.758
Male	44 (61.1)	9 (69.2)	53 (62.4)
Female	28 (38.9)	4 (30.8)	32 (37.6)
Age (mean years ± SEM^§)	33.7 ± 1.1	31.4 ± 1.5	33.4 ± 0.9	0.426
Transmission route				0.184
Heterosexual: extramarital	31 (43.1)	6 (46.2)	37 (43.5)
Heterosexual: infected-partner	31 (43.1)	2 (15.4)	33 (38.8)
Others	10 (13.9)	5 (38.5)	15 (17.6)
Clinical Data
Common clinical findings
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)	27 (37.5)	6 (46.2)	33 (38.8)	0.554
Acute febrile syndrome	23 (31.9)	8 (61.5)	31 (36.5)	0.060
Asymptomatic	17 (23.6)	3 (23.1)	20 (23.5)	1.000
Diarrea	18 (25.0)	2 (15.4)	20 (23.5)	0.724
Pulmonary TBc	17 (23.6)	2 (15.4)	19 (22.4)	0.723
Others	24 (33.3)	6 (46.2)	30 (35.3)	0.529
CDC Clinical category¹				0.342
A	27 (37.5)	4 (30.8)	31 (36.5)
B	19 (26.4)	6 (46.2)	25 (29.4)
C	26 (36.1)	3 (23.1)	29 (34.1)
CDC CD4 category²				0.063
1	8(11.1)	2 (15.4)	10 (11.8)
2	30(41.7)	1 (7.7)	31 (36.5)
3	34(47.2)	10(76.9)	44 (51.8)
Combined CDC AIDS Category³	41 (56.9)	10(76.9)	51 (60.0)	0.227
Virological Data
Genotype				1.000
HIV-1C	72(100)	13(100)	85(100)
Phenotype				1.000
R5	68 (94.4)	13(100)	81 (95.3)
×4	4 (5.6)	0 (0)	4 (4.7)
p24 Ag titer (pg/ml; mean ± SEM^§)	189.0 ± 5.8	1745.7 ± 64.9	427.1 ± 62.1	<0.001^¶

^†S/L, Slow low viral growth phenotype; ^‡R/H, Rapid high viral growth phenotype.
* The percentages were calculated by dividing the number of observations with a given characteristic by the total number of subjects in each category
¹ CDC Classification System & Expanded AIDS Surveillance Definition for Adolescents and Adults. Based on 3 clinical categories; category C includes the clinical conditions listed in the AIDS surveillance case definition.
²CDC Classification System & Expanded AIDS Surveillance Definition for Adolescents and Adults. System of 3 ranges of CD4 counts based on the lowest documented measure; category 3 <200/μL CD4 cells.
³The definition of AIDS includes all HIV-infected individuals with CD4 counts of <200 cells/μL as well as those with the clinical conditions listed in the AIDS surveillance case definition (categories A3, B3, and C1-C3).
^¶Overall p-value less than 0.001. ^§SEM, standard error of the mean.
Comparisons between groups were performed using the Pearson chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous data.

ISSN: 1742-4690