From: HIV interactions with monocytes and dendritic cells: viral latency and reservoirs
Cell types | Primary Locations | Cellular markers | Potential role in HIV latency and proposed mechanisms | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Monocytes | Peripheral blood | CD14++ or CD16+CD14+ | YES, but possibly mainly in CD16+ cells • Restricted HIV-1 replication at different steps of viral life-cycle • Low molecular weight APOBEC3G (CD16+ only) • Low level or undetectable Cyclin T1 • Impaired phosphorylation of CDK9 | |
Macrophages | Mucosal surface/tissues | CD14- EMR1+ CD68+ | NO • High level Cyclin T1 • Phosphorylation of CDK9 and active P-TEFb | |
Myeloid DCs | Peripheral blood (immature) Lymph node (mature) | CD11c+ CD123- BDCA1+ | YES • Low level virus replication • Lymph node biopsies reveal presence • Unknown mechanism | |
Plasmacytoid DCs | Peripheral blood (immature) Lymph node (mature) | CD11c- CD123+ BDCA2+ BDCA4+ | Unlikely • Inhibiting HIV-1 replication through the secretion of IFNα and an unidentified small molecule • Unknown mechanism | |
Langerhans cells | Mucosal surface and epidermal tissue | CD1a+ Langerin+ | Unlikely • Langerin inhibits virus transmission and enhances virus take-up and degradation • May act differently in co-infections |