Figure 1

Biosynthesis pathways of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in mammalian cells and the possible consequence of the misincorporation and repair of uracil residues in DNA. De novo synthesis of AMP, CMP, GMP and UMP ribonucleotides allows the formation of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP and dUTP deoxyribonucleotides, which can be readily incorporated in DNA by cellular DNA polymerases. Note that dTTP derives from dUTP hydrolysis. Abbreviations: A, adenine; C, cytosine; G, guanine; T, thymine; U, uracil; MP, monophosphate; DP, diphosphate; TP, triphosphate; rNDP, ribonucleotide diphosphate; NMPK, nucleotide monophosphate kinase; NDPK, nucleotide diphosphate kinase.