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Figure 3 | Retrovirology

Figure 3

From: Tumour necrosis factor-α stimulates HIV-1 replication in single-cycle infection of human term placental villi fragments in a time, viral dose and envelope dependent manner

Figure 3

Infection with R5 or X4 envelope pseudotyped HIV-1 of placental chorionic villi in the absence or presence of TNF-α. Viral pseudotypes were left in contact with placental fragments overnight. After viral contact, fragments were cultured in medium supplemented with (grey histograms) or without (horizontal black line) TNF-α and cultures stopped at 120, 168 or 216 hours post-infection. Fragments were homogenised and luciferase activity read from tissue lysate. Results are presented as ratio (mean ± SE) of luciferase activity with TNF-α stimulation to activity without stimulation in three to seven (n) placentas from different donors. A: R5 (Ba-L) pseudotyped HIV-1 at 20 ng of p24/placental fragment; B: R5 (Ba-L) pseudotyped HIV-1 at 50 ng of p24/placental fragment; C: X4 (HXB2) pseudotyped HIV-1 at 50 ng of p24/placental fragment; D: X4 (HXB2) pseudotyped HIV-1 at 100 ng of p24/placental fragment.

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