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Figure 2 | Retrovirology

Figure 2

From: Tumour necrosis factor-α stimulates HIV-1 replication in single-cycle infection of human term placental villi fragments in a time, viral dose and envelope dependent manner

Figure 2

Infection with VSV-G or delta-Env pseudotyped HIV-1 ofplacental chorionic villi in the absence or presence of TNF-α. Viral pseudotypes were left in contact with placental fragments overnight. After viral contact, fragments were cultured in medium supplemented with (grey histograms) or without (horizontal black line) TNF-α and cultures stopped at 48, 96, 120 hours post-infection. Fragments were homogenized and luciferase activity read from tissue lysate. Results are presented as ratio (mean ± SE) of luciferase activity with TNF-α stimulation to activity without stimulation in three to seven (n) placentas from different donors. A: VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 at 0.2 ng of p24/placental fragment; B: VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 at 2 ng of p24/placental fragment; C: VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 at 20 ng of p24/placental fragment; D: delta-Env pseudotyped HIV-1 at 20 ng of p24/placental fragment.

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