Figure 2

Effects of CCR5 antagonists on the BBB integrity and function. Confluent HBMEC monolayers were treated with TAK-799 (A) or maraviroc (MVR) (B), and TEER measured in real-time before and after exposures. At 5, 10, or 20 μM, TAK-799 (A) or maraviroc (B) did not alter TEER. TEER values were similar during treatment and when cells were washed to remove CCR5 antagonists. Controls consisted of mock-treated cells and cells treated with 0.1% saponin. Saponin-induced decrease in TEER was reversed upon removal of saponin from the media. (C) HIV-1 increased monocyte adhesion to HBMEC and CCR5 antagonists and neutralizing CCR5 antibodies decreased viral-induced monocyte adhesion (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).