Figure 3

Genistein inhibits HIV DNA synthesis and viral DNA nuclear localization. (A) Genistein does not inhibit viral entry into resting CD4 T cells. Resting CD4 T cells from two donors were pretreated with genistein for 1 hour, and then infected with Nef-luciferase tagged HIV-1 for 2 hours. Cells were washed and luciferase activity was measured in live cells. (B) Genistein inhibits viral DNA synthesis in CD4 T cells. Resting memory CD4 T cells were pretreated with genistein (10 μM) or DMSO (1%, control) for 1 hour, and then infected with HIV-1_NL4-3 for 2 hour in the presence of genistein. Cells were washed twice to remove HIV and genistein, cultured for 5 days, and then activated at day 5 with anti-CD3/CD28 magnetic beads. Infected cells were harvested and lysed at different time points following infection to extract total cellular DNA. HIV DNA was measured by using real time PCR using equal amount of total DNA. (C and D) Resting memory CD4 T cells were similarly pretreated with genistein (10 μM) and infected with HIV. Viral DNA was measured at 2 and 4 hours post infection. Infected cells were also used for fractionation and purification of nuclear DNA. HIV nuclear DNA was measured using real time PCR using equal amount of total DNA (D).