Table 1 List of the 34 anti-HIV-1 host restriction factors measured by our CuRe array

APOBEC3 (A-H)

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like3

Hypermutation; lethal mutations in viral DNA; Inhibition of reverse transcription; Inhibition of integration

[19, 26–33]

TRIM family (11 members)

Tripartite motif family

Targeting of viral capsid; Inhibition of viral transcription

[18, 34–36]

BST2/tetherin

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2

Blocks release of enveloped viruses

[20, 21]

CDKN1A (P21)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)

Blocks reverse transcription; Blocks RNA transcription by reducing activity of CDK9

[13, 37, 38]

PAF1

Paf1, RNA polymerase II associated factor

Inhibits early events of viral life cycle from reverse transcription to integration

[39]

CTR9

Ctr9, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component

Inhibits early events of viral life cycle from reverse transcription to integration

[39]

RTF1

Rtf1, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component

Inhibits early events of viral life cycle from reverse transcription to integration

[39]

EIF2AK2 (PKR)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2

Inhibits viral protein translation by protein phosphorylation; promotes innate immune signaling

[40]

HERC5

HECT domain and RLD 5

Blocks early stage of retroviral particle assembly

[41]

IFITM Family (3 members)

Interferon induced transmembrane protein

Inhibits cytosolic entry

[42]

ISG15

ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier

Blocks interaction between HIV-1 Gag and Tsg101 (ESCRT-I) required for efficient budding of HIV-1

[43]

MOV10

Mov10, Moloney leukemia virus 10, homolog

Inhibits proteolytic processing of Gag and reverse transcription

[44]

RNASEL

Ribonuclease L (2',5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent)

Cleaves single-stranded RNA in U-rich sequences; activates antiviral innate immunity

[45]

RSAD2 (Viperin)

Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2

Inhibits viral production

[46]

SAMHD1

SAM domain and HD domain 1

Inhibits HIV replication in myeloid cells, probably by regulating cellular dNTP supply

[47]

SLFN11

Schlafen family member 11

Inhibits viral protein synthesis

[48]